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First
Peoples arrived in what became Canada
over 12,000 years ago. Their societies
always included some form of military
organization and they sometimes made
war on one other.
North
America’s indigenous population
first encountered Europeans around the
year 1000 when Viking explorers from
Greenland visited the Eastern Arctic,
Labrador coast, and Gulf of St. Lawrence,
and established a small colony at L’Anse-aux-Meadows
on the tip of Newfoundland’s Great
Northern Peninsula.
First Peoples both traded and fought
with the newcomers, who left a record
of these encounters in their oral traditions,
known as sagas. Partly due to the First
Peoples’ vigorous resistance and
superior numbers, Viking attempts at
settlement ended after only a few years.
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